It is Hay Fever season!
This article is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. For personalised guidance, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.
That relentless sneezing, itchy nose, and constant congestion are more than just a nuisance, they’re the hallmark symptoms of allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever.
Often dismissed as “just allergies,” allergic rhinitis can significantly affect quality of life, sleep, and productivity. The good news? With the right diagnosis and a modern, stepwise approach to treatment, it’s a highly manageable condition.
What Is Allergic Rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasal passages caused by the immune system overreacting to environmental allergens such as:
Pollens (grasses, weeds, trees)
Dust mites
Moulds
Animal dander
When these allergens contact the nose or eyes, they trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals that cause inflammation and irritation.
It’s important to note that allergic rhinitis is not caused by food allergies, it’s triggered by airborne allergens.
What Are the Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis?
The symptoms extend beyond a simple runny nose. Common signs include:
Nasal symptoms:
Sneezing (often in quick bursts)
Runny or blocked nose
Itchy nose
Eye symptoms:
Itchy, red, or watery eyes (allergic conjunctivitis)
Other possible symptoms:
Post-nasal drip (mucus dripping down the back of the throat)
Cough or sore throat
Fatigue and headaches
Reduced sense of smell or taste
What Allergy Tests Are Available?
If your symptoms affect your daily life, your GP may recommend a referral to a clinical immunology or allergy specialist for further testing.
Common tests include:
Skin Prick Test (SPT):
The most common and rapid test. Small amounts of allergens are pricked into the skin (usually on the forearm or back). If you’re allergic, a small, raised, itchy bump, like a mosquito bite will appear within 15–20 minutes.Specific IgE Blood Test (RAST):
Your GP may arrange this test as an initial screening. It measures the level of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to specific allergens in your blood. This is useful if a skin test can’t be performed, for example, if you have a skin condition or are taking medication that could interfere with results.
A Stepwise Approach to Treatment
There’s no one-size-fits-all treatment for allergic rhinitis. The key is a tailored approach guided by your GP.
Step 1: Environmental Control – Allergen Minimisation
If the allergen causing your symptoms is identified, reducing exposure can make a big difference.
Dust mite allergy: Remove carpets, use dust mite covers on pillows and mattresses, and wash bedding weekly in hot water.
Animal dander: If symptoms are severe, keeping pets outdoors or rehoming may be necessary.
Step 2: Medications (Pharmacotherapy)
Several treatments can relieve symptoms and improve quality of life:
Nasal saline irrigation: Rinsing your nasal passages with saline helps clear allergens and mucus, making other medications more effective.
Intranasal corticosteroids: Sprays such as Fluticasone, Mometasone, or Budesonide reduce inflammation and are considered the gold standard for moderate allergic rhinitis.
Antihistamines: Oral antihistamines relieve sneezing and itching without causing much drowsiness. Antihistamine nasal sprays can also be very effective.
Step 3: Allergen Immunotherapy
For people whose symptoms remain troublesome despite medication — or who wish to treat the underlying cause — allergen immunotherapy may be an option. This involves gradually exposing the immune system to small amounts of the allergen to build tolerance over time. A referral to an allergy specialist is required.
Take Control of Your Allergies
Living with allergic rhinitis doesn’t have to mean constant discomfort. With an accurate diagnosis and a personalised plan, you can take control of your symptoms.
By combining allergen avoidance, modern medications, and — when suitable — immunotherapy, you can breathe easier and reclaim your quality of life all year round.
At Kirribilli Doctors, our GPs can help identify the cause of your allergies and create a treatment plan tailored to you.
Book an appointment today to start feeling clearer, calmer, and more comfortable.
Dr Yew Lim Cheng
Dr Yew Lim is one of your doctors here at Kirribilli Doctors. He is ready to assist you and talk about any concerns you may have about hay fever.